Table of Contents
In our previous discussions, it has been observed and duly noted that there exists a marked variance in potency among different types (and indeed, even among different plants) of the same variety of cannabis. Generally speaking, domestic strains of cannabis tend to exhibit a higher concentration of THC, the primary psychoactive component, in comparison to their Mexican counterparts. The latter are predominantly grown outdoors and are not typically utilized in the production of sinsemilla, which is a seedless form of the cannabis plant. This variation in potency underscores the importance of considering the strength of cannabis when discussing its different types.
Since the advent of the 1990s, there has been a significant influx of high-quality Canadian “BC Bud” into the market. This particular strain, which is cultivated indoors and is composed exclusively of sinsemilla, has been imported in substantial quantities, thereby solidifying its presence and availability.
It is pertinent to mention that a myriad of environmental factors play a crucial role in determining the overall potency of the cannabis bud. These factors, encompassing but not restricted to the current weather conditions, the unique aspects of the cultivation environment, and the degree of care and attention administered to the plant throughout its growth cycle, collectively exert an influence on the attributes of the cannabis plant. This phenomenon is not unique to cannabis, as it is equally applicable to other horticultural products such as flowers and vegetables, which are similarly affected by their respective growing environments.
Various Parts, Various Strength of Cannabis
Within the complex anatomy of the cannabis plant, distinct sections exhibit varying degrees of potency in terms of their THC content. Predominantly, THC, which stands as the principal psychoactive constituent, is localized in the glandular structures that embellish the surface of the plant’s stems and leaves. These specialized glands, referred to as trichomes, bear a resemblance to diminutive mushrooms when observed under the lens of a microscope. It is interesting to note that the concentration of these trichomes is significantly higher on the minute leaves and stems that are proximal to and encapsulated within the clusters of female flowers.
After the process of harvesting, the more sizable leaves located in this region are typically removed in a practice commonly known as manicuring. These detached leaves, colloquially referred to as trim, are characterized by their comparatively lower THC content when juxtaposed against the smaller leaves and reproductive organs situated near the flower. Moreover, the prominent fan or sun leaves, distinguished by their paucity of glandular structures, exhibit an even more diminished potency when contrasted with the potency of either the flowers or the trim.
Opponents of substance usage have historically capitalized on the fear-inducing tales surrounding the perceived dangers associated with the consumption of more potent strains of cannabis. What is conveniently omitted from these narratives is the undeniable advantage that higher-potency cannabis offers in terms of reducing the harmful effects associated with smoke inhalation. In an attempt to further their argument, federal officials have posited that the potency of certain strains of cannabis has escalated to such an extent that it warrants reclassification as an entirely distinct substance. Contrary to this claim, the potency levels of cannabis have remained relatively stable over time, with high-potency preparations such as hashish, hash oil, specialized strains, and various extracts having a well-documented historical presence dating back to at least the 19th century. It is worth noting that the average potency of cannabis has experienced a nominal increase, a phenomenon that can be attributed to the burgeoning popularity of high-quality indoor sinsemillas.
The historical record reflects that high-potency formulations of cannabis have been employed for medicinal purposes for a considerable duration of time. It is noteworthy that until the 1930s, cannabis was readily accessible over the counter in numerous pharmacies across the United States, where it was dispensed in the form of alcohol-based tinctures with a potency level of 25%. Typically, dosages were administered in the form of drops. In contemporary medical applications, patients often express a preference for high-potency sinsemilla and concentrated preparations, as these alternatives afford a means of circumventing the deleterious effects associated with smoke inhalation. Furthermore, in instances where inhalation is deemed unnecessary, the method of oral ingestion is championed as a superior and more beneficial alternative.
Making THC Stronger
Sinsemilla, derived from the Spanish words “sin,” meaning “without,” and “semilla,” meaning “seed,” refers to a type of cannabis characterized by its lack of seeds. The buds of sinsemilla cannabis are highly valued in the market, with prices reaching hundreds of dollars per ounce, and potentially escalating to several thousand dollars per pound. The THC concentration in sinsemilla buds typically ranges from 4% to 20%, providing a potent and sought-after product for consumers seeking a heightened experience.
In contrast, the large fan leaves of the cannabis plant generally exhibit a lower THC concentration, typically falling within the range of 2% to 3%. These leaves are more economically priced, with their market value ranging from $100 to $300 per pound. Similarly, trim leaves, which are the smaller leaves surrounding the buds, contain approximately 2% to 3% THC and are priced at approximately $200 to $500 per pound. While these leaves and trim offer a more budget-friendly option for consumers, it is important to note that they tend to produce a harsher, less pleasant smoking experience, which can be detrimental to the user’s throat.
To address this issue and enhance the overall consumer experience, one can employ various methods to concentrate the THC, thereby isolating the potent glands from the less desirable plant material. This procedure yields a product with a high THC content while mitigating the harsh and undesirable qualities associated with smoking cannabis leaves and trim. Various techniques are available for achieving this THC concentration, each accompanied by its distinct procedures and resulting products. These methods encompass, but are not confined to, the production of hashish, hash oil, and other specialized extracts that emphasize the preservation and enhancement of the plant’s psychoactive properties. Consequently, they provide a more sophisticated and pleasurable consumption experience for the user.
Screening
Utilizing silkscreens represents the most straightforward approach, however, steel or plastic mesh screens possessing either 100 or 125 lines per inch can often yield superior results. The intricacies of the screen’s design facilitate the passage of the plant’s glandular structures, while concurrently preventing the larger vegetable material from penetrating through. It is imperative to acknowledge that the quantity of the final product is inherently linked to the quality of the initial material employed in the procedure. Appropriate sieve screens can be obtained either from cannabis dispensaries or through various online platforms.
The procedure for using a screen entails a series of steps. Initially, the cannabis must be adequately dried, a task that can be accomplished by placing it in a microwave oven. The criterion for sufficient dryness is when the cannabis readily crumbles or emits a snapping sound upon being handled. Post-drying, the cannabis does not necessitate further fragmentation. Subsequently, the dried cannabis should be placed in a freezer until it reaches a thoroughly chilled state. This chilling process serves to facilitate the more efficient removal of the glands.
When employing a silkscreen or any other type of line cloth screen, it is imperative to ensure that the screen is stretched tautly over a receptacle, such as a bowl, designed to collect the end product. In the case of framed screens, they can simply be positioned atop a table or tray. The subsequent step involves rubbing the dried, chilled cannabis over the surface of the screen. It is worth noting that the duration of rubbing directly correlates with the quantity of glands that will traverse through the screen. However, a prolonged rubbing duration also carries the consequence of permitting a greater amount of plant debris to infiltrate the screen. This phenomenon is analogous to the process of olive pressing, wherein extended presses invariably compromise the oil’s quality due to the inclusion of impurities.
The act of concentrating cannabis through screening is a nuanced process that often necessitates a degree of finesse and accumulated experience. The specific end-use of the product will invariably dictate the optimal juncture at which to cease the screening process. The initial phase of screening yields the finest “kief,” which is essentially un-pressed hashish. The glands that successfully traverse the screen can be utilized in a multitude of ways, including being smoked in a pipe, integrated into a joint, or simply ingested in their natural state. The heightened potency of these glands ensures that only minimal quantities are requisite for achieving the desired effect. While an excess of plant debris can detract from the pleasurable aspects of smoking cannabis, such vegetative matter is of negligible consequence when the product is ingested. Therefore, the objective for smoking should be to procure the purest possible resin, whereas, for ingestion, the aim should be to maximize the yield irrespective of the concentration level of the product.
Checking the Water
The nature of THC glands is such that their weight exceeds that of water, causing them to submerge when placed in it. Conversely, the majority of vegetative material from the cannabis plant is lighter and thus tends to float on the water’s surface. This characteristic contrast between the THC glands and the vegetative material facilitates an efficient means of segregation, yielding a final product of kief that is commendably pure and possesses a high concentration of the desired properties.
While it is possible to undertake a mechanical screening of the plant prior to its immersion in water, such a step is not an indispensable requirement of the process. One noteworthy advantage of water screening is its ability to effectively eliminate any impurities, as well as molds and fungi, during the “wash” phase, thereby contributing to the overall cleanliness of the final product.
The methodology for water screening involves placing the whole cannabis plant in a jar along with cold water and a few ice cubes. This mixture is then subjected to a shaking motion for approximately one to two minutes, following which the lighter vegetative material that has risen to the surface is removed, leaving behind the heavier THC glands that have settled at the bottom of the jar. The next step involves extracting these glands from the jar and subsequently drying them.
It is important to emphasize that the use of warm or tepid water is strongly discouraged, as such conditions result in the THC glands adopting a soft and sticky consistency, thus complicating the subsequent handling of the product. In contrast, the utilization of ice-cold water ensures that the glands retain their rigid and brittle nature, thereby facilitating easier processing.
Given the potent nature of these THC glands, users will find that only a small quantity is required to achieve the desired effect, particularly when used in a pipe bowl. Additionally, the glands can be conveniently ingested either in the form of capsules or by incorporating them into food items.
An illustrative example of the latter is provided by one medicinal user who opts to cook with the THC-bearing glands. She maintains a dedicated container of the substance and employs a diminutive spoon to measure the precise quantity needed to be added to her food, thereby integrating the therapeutic benefits of cannabis into her dietary regimen in a seamlessly convenient manner.
